Environmental and external analysis of Pepsi in UK

Pepsi in UK is an entity of Pepsi International division of Pepsi Inc USA. Pepsi is the worlds 3rd largest snack and beverage company. (Rafey. R et, el). As well Pepsi is the 2nd largest manufacturer of carbonated soft drinks in the world. (Rafey. R et, el). Pepsi in UK is one of the largest operations of Pepsi Inc comparable to Pepsi Mexico.In UK Pepsi Company’s main competitors are local manufacturing companies in food and beverage industry and other retailers. As well it faces competition from international                         Companies like Coke, Cadbury, Schweppes and Kraft etc. (Rafey. R et, el). In UK Pepsi faces sever competition from these companies and the UK market is complex and dynamic in nature.The nature of SWOT analysis and its value in developing Marketing strategies and Marketing Plan.  SWOT analysis means strengths and weaknesses of an entities internal environment in terms of human, technical, organizational, information systems operat ional processes and models management culture and leadership style. It also considers opportunities and threats of its immediate market conditions as well as opportunities arising from the internal organizational strengths and the threats arising from the weaknesses of its internal environment. Also read: Gardenia Bread Pricing StrategyIn addition it also considers opportunities and threats arising from macro environment such as the economic conditions, social factors, demographic factors, ethical and environmental factors, legal and regulatory factors, financial factors such as exchange rate volatility, interest rate and global economic condition and outlook in a global world economy in the 21st century.   This analysis is necessary to develop marketing strategies and plans suitable to each market segment such as positioning,  pricing, promotion, distribution channel decisions, adverting methods decisions and public relations, brand development company image building and the revision of plans on a continuous basis if conditions change in internal and external environment and to change strategies.Strengths of Pepsi in UKPepsi in UK has considerable operations in UK and has developed a reputation of its brand it has the strength to compete with local manufacturers and in ternational competitors. As well it has a flexible distribution channel and a range of products, which are comparable in quality and price as well it has developed marketing plans and strategies in place it has the capacity to compete with the local manufacturers and international competitors. That is Pepsi in UK have competitive strength more than adequate to compete effectively in the UK market which is vital to survive and grow in the future.(Pepsi Inc Annual Report 2005). Pepsi in UK has several product ranges and has developed new products on a continuous basis. It also has a management culture internally to develop new products, which satisfies emerging customer needs. In a market such as UK, which is dynamic in nature it is vital to produce new products and a variety of product lines to compete effectively in such a dynamic market place. There fore Pepsi in UK has the strength of having an innovative management culture and management processes within the company and it is str ength to minimize risks and maximize returns for its shareholders in a socially responsible manner. (Pepsi Inc Annual Report 2005).In addition to the above Pepsi in UK has a state of the art technological infrastructure particularly information system infrastructure which is crucial in making sound decisions and respond to market changes as quickly as possible in a cost conscious manner. This is vital in a market like UK, as the competitors will strive to keep cost down and compete in price and quality in this market. Pepsi in UK has the technological strength comparable to  its competitors. This is a vital strength in a market like UK. (Pepsi Inc Annual Report 2005).Weaknesses of Pepsi UK  As the market is dynamic and unpredictable in terms of changes in consumer tastes, demographic changes and social norms and customs. There fore Pepsi may not be able to anticipate such changes accurately all the time and may loose its customers to its competitors if they are able to capture s uch changes better than Pepsi. That is Pepsi in UK faces competitive risk to considerable extent  Ã‚   There fore if risks are not managed or unmanageable it is a weakness of Pepsi UK in operating in such market conditions. In addition the economic cycles may affect its industry and if Pepsi in UK cannot manage these risks then it may affect its profitability and the potential for growth in the UK market. Economic cycles are unpredictable to some extent and it may not able to predict accurately the economic cycles and its operations are exposed to these market risks, which are uncontrollable, completely by Pepsi in UK and it is a weakness of Pepsi in UK.Opportunities of Pepsi in UK  In UK market Pepsi has an opportunity to develop new products because the UK market is dynamic in its nature its consumers have considerable purchasing power as UK is a developed industrial country.   It has a stable economic and financial system. In addition the market is diverse and Pepsi can fin d niche markets where competition is not severe and can introduce new products and market existing products to these profitable market segments. As UK has an advanced communication and information technology infrastructure Pepsi can use information technology and e-commerce models to increase its growth potentials and build flexible distribution channels and businesses alliances to increase efficiency of operations and reduce costs.There fore it have an opportunity to  have a competitive cost structure and comparable profit margin of its core business and enable to have a competitive price in different market segments and appropriate quality comparable to its competitors. The technological feasibility and using technology is an opportunity for Pepsi UK to improve its efficiency in operations and improve profitability and have a competitive edge in UK markets is a definite opportunity for Pepsi in UK.Threats of Pepsi in UK  Pepsi in UK faces many economic threats and risk factors . They are future economic outlook in terms future economic growth, inflation and unemployment and exchange rate, and interest rate. These are difficult to predict and these factors affect the consumer disposable income and there fore affects demand for the goods and services of Pepsi in UK. Some of these factors are volatile such as exchange rates and interest rats and inflation. These are definitely a major threat or risk to its operations in UK for Pepsi in UK. The other threats are unpredictable consumer taste changes, degree of competition in UK, legal and regulatory changes in health and safety, employment law, environmental laws, which may add to the cost to Pepsi’s operations and adversely affects its profitability.In addition in a global economic environment the UK economy will be affected by shocks of economic political problems in other countries as it affect the trade and capital flows and there fore global factors and outlook in economic growth and social and pol itical factors may indirectly affect Pepsi’s profitability as these factors affect the UK economy and may indirectly affect Pepsi’s profitability if these factors negatively affect the UK economy in general.Conclusion  As discussed above Pepsi in UK has strength to survive and grow in the UK market if it can manage the risks and reduce its weaknesses and act in the UK market in a socially responsible manner. However some risk cannot be reduced and it must not operate in  such market segments depending on the degree of competition and the future growth potential as well as its strength of its cost structure and price and quality and its capacity to counteract the marketing strategies of its competitors. It has the potential to develop niche markets in UK particularly evaluating the profitability of these segments and entering in to these segments early before the competitors enter. In addition it can also introduce healthy new products by identifying customer emergi ng needs and supplying it by developing a flexible distribution channel and leverage technology to reduce cost of operations and there by increasing profit margin.It must also have a risk management system to minimize risk as these markets pose considerable risk to its operations. Pepsi in UK has such systems and they have the potential to some degree minimize some of the threats and have the capacity to reduce some weaknesses in its organizational processes and operational planning and control mechanisms. Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Pepsi in UK can develop marketing strategies and plans to identify niche markets which are profitable, Use information technology to improve its distribution channel efficiency and use it to identify customer needs, use effective public relations to boost the company image as a socially responsible company.Assess risk factors and enter into market segments where it has less risks and more return or capacity to manage r isks, Use appropriate pricing, adverting and promotions to each market segments to boost sales in a cost effective manner. Introduce new products in to profitable market segments on a continuous basis-satisfying customer emerging needs accurately as possible. Revise and monitor marketing plans and changing strategies if conditions change on a regular basis. By adopting these marketing strategies and plans Pepsi in UK can survive and grow in UK in the short to medium term.BibliographyBauerschmidt, A   & Bloodgood, J.M.2002, ‘Competitive Analysis: Do Managers Accurately Compare Their Firms to Competitors?’, Journal of managerial Issues 14, 4,   March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001904195  Diversity: Programs Become Valuable Tools for Increased Profitability 1998, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001407649 Kay, J.A.1995, ‘Foundations of Corporate Success: How Business Strategies Add Valueâ€℠¢, Oxford University Press, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29059159Mccall, J. B & Stone, M.A. 2004,   ‘International Strategic Marketing: A[N] European Perspective’, Routledge, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107561930Moss, M.R. 2000, ‘Mapping out Your Firm's Success’, Black Enterprise 30, 8, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001170134PEPSICO 2005, March 14, 2007 Available at: http://www.pepsico.com/PEP_Investors/AnnualReports/05/Pepsi2005Annual.pdf  Rafey, R et, el. ‘ PEPSI CO (PEP)’, March 14, 2007Available at: www.yorkinvestmentclub.com/slides/pepsi.pptShapira, P. 1998, ‘Extending Manufacturing Extension†, Issues in Science and Technology, 14, 3, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001335408Swot Analysis Will Do the World of Good; Business Quiz 2006, Liverpool Echo, March 14, 2007, Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5017750581Turner, M.F. 2001, ‘How Does Your Company Measure Up?’, Black Enterprise   32, 4, March 14, 2007 Available at: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000894763

Discrimination story

The movie â€Å"The Great Debaters† shows how there were discrimination and corruption in the society 75 years ago. The movie somewhat relates to discrimination and corruption to this day. For example, back in 1935, white people thought black people were lower than them. In 2013, some Americans think they are above illegal immigrants from Mexico. The racial profiling of Arabic people can compare to the thinking that every black person in the movie was a share cropper.Those are Just a ewe examples of the movie's relation to discrimination in today's United States of America. Illegal immigration can be related to how white people thought they were higher in society than black people in the sass's. Some Americans now think they are higher than immigrants from Mexico, and that is wrong. No one is higher than someone socially. I believe that illegal immigration should be stopped, but I also believe that I am no better than any one of the illegal immigrants.Americans think that Mexi can immigrants are taking our Jobs, which may or may not be true. But either way, I believe, that as long as they have documentation, they have a right to make a living. There was recently an issue of racial profiling against Arabic people because of the 9/1 1 attacks and others. This would probably be because people think that all terrorists are Muslim and none of them deserve to be on airplanes because of what happened almost 12 years ago. There have been many incidents of hate crimes against Muslim people.It has somewhat of a relation to the movie. The sheriff was beating up the two black people because of the sharecropping, so he thought that all black people were to blame. Even discrimination against gay people is an issue. There are anti-gay crimes all over the place. You hear people call each other the f-word or Just straight up â€Å"gay'. It is really not cool to say those things. Just because someone is gay does not mean they are not human. Every human is human, no matter what race, gender, sexuality, religion, or background.

Case Studies 2 and 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Studies 2 and 3 - Essay Example Applying the top down model to the issue, the major requirement is identified as providing shared access to all the employees to the resources in the company. This can then be broken down further into smaller requirements based on the issues faced by the employees (Goldman & Rawles, 2004). These requirements are listed below: The requirements identified are each broken further to simpler ones to arrive at the solution. The solution is to connect all the computers to one another and also to the Internet. In addition, provide the architects with access to files in the network. 1. Software: In order to form a network within the office, the Operating System should support the facility. Hence the current Windows 98 has to be upgraded to Windows 2000 Professional version as it is LAN (Local Area Network) ready. A Windows Server 2000 OS is installed in order to facilitate sharing files in a common server. 2. Internet Access: The current Dial – Up connection will not facilitate multiple connections at the same time. Hence it is replaced with an ADSL connection (which requires an access router and a DSL modem). 3. Printer Access: The Laser Printer needs to be attached to the Ethernet, so that any of the employees connected to the network can print the files (this is facilitated by the Windows Server 2000 OS). It is evident that the solution implemented by Lane Communications is a success, as the number of design contracts have increased. The main reason for this success is the increase in productivity of the employees. The architects and the layout artist can access the Internet at the same time reducing the idle time (when they had to wait for their turn earlier). File sharing and printing are also improved as the employees need not waste their time in storing in disks and transferring them twice. This will reduce the work load on administrative assistant who

Field outing report on High Park Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Field outing on High Park - Lab Report Example Introduction For the past decades, there has been a massive increase of the numbers of visitors visiting High Park. I must admit that my experience in High Park created a strong platform for me to appreciate nature and its wide range of species. This park is found in a hilly landscape and it is well-known for its natural park, sporting facilities, the zoo, playgrounds, education facilities, and cultural facilities. Since its establishment, the park has ranked the largest within Toronto city. While in the park, I found out that the park is the home to various wildlife species that to date attracts millions of visitors across the globe. This report provides a detailed description of the habitat I explored, the plants I saw, and the supplementary information I researched about the plants’ features. I had an amazing opportunity to watch the rare Black Oak Savannah habitat. About a third of the park environment consists of rare oak savannah with an open landscape. Most experts beli eve that the Oak savannah at this park is continentally significant because of its nature, size, and features of the remnant ecosystem (High Park Toronto, 2013). This research shows that, the black oak savannah of the High Park is considered significant because of its virtue of location and different plants that are unique and rare to find. For over 150 years, the Black Oak Savannah habitat has been an outstanding environment for different types of wildlife. This is because Oak trees have nesting sites for insects and birds and its acorns are the excellent food for wild turkey, deer, rodents, and other species. The parks department has implemented programs of acorn collection to attract a wide number of visitors who have a passion for such collection. The species I found in High Park are rare and unique to find in a park such as cup-plant and wild lupine. The low-nutrient and dry conditions of the Black Oak savannah of High Park supports the growing conditions of various plants such as Indian grass, little bluestem, and big bluestem whose binominal name is Prairie grasses. Additionally, it attracts prairie flowers such like wild lupine, showy tick-trefoil, and cylindrical blazing star. After a thorough investigation, I found out that there are various species that bloom well between the month of June and July such as rockrose, wild lupine, and New Jersey tea. There are other species that blossom well in the mid and late summer such as sunflower and bean family. At the High Park, there are notable wetland plant species such as sweet flag categorized as Acorus Calamus, blue-flag iris categorized as Iris Versicolor, and common arrowhead classified as Sagittaria latifolia. I must admit that High Park is the ideal place for visitors who love nature and ecology system. In essence, the park has different plants, trees, and flowers that capture many people’s attention. The place is so appealing in that one can pick a new favourite tree or flower each time he vi sits the park. The following section discusses some plants I found in the park plus their characteristics. Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberose) Butterfly weed also known as Pleurisy root is a native plant categorized in the class of tall grass prairies. This plant is the most attracting plant around that attracts many butterflies. The plant grows well in well and strong drained type of soil. In the park, the plant tolerates clay to sand soil and grows well in full sun and

McMartin Preschool Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

McMartin Preschool Trial - Essay Example The discretion in the picture apart from the sexual abuse allegation by the victims, they also claimed to have witnessed flying, travelled in hot-air-balloon, some other claims by the victims were that they went through an underground tunnel. The most hilarious claim by the victim was that actor Chuck Norris abused him. After seriously investigating the theories given by the children, there was no substantial evidence to back such allegation. A conflicting goal in this case is cited when a witness who had earlier before the court case admitted to be mentally unstable, the victim is assessed through the prosecutor and the result of his mental status is ruled to have been caused by the events of the trial. He goes ahead in alleging that Raymond Bucker was sexually assaulting schoolchildren and was capable of flying. Politics play a role in this case when the initial prosecutor Mr. Glenn Stevens uses his position to influence the court case by forming the victim’s statement, the parents and teachers play a role in formulating their children’s statement during the interview. The defense team together questioned the reliability of such an act could happen to multiple student secretly without nobody having an hint of what is going on for such a long period of time. The presence of the media at the courtroom as they try to capture every single detail about the sex scandal that hit the pre-school also made the situation to be such a huge scandal. The prosecutor denied the defense attorneys team some very vital investigative information that could help the aid their evidence. The defense attorneys changed the public’s opinion by arguing that a major crime caused was by the media to give an opinion poll concerning Buckey since he deserved a fair trial at the courts of law. The other issue was the successful removal of a judge through a court motion. This made the public have another view on the case. The prosecutor, press

Is Socrates Form of the Good Correct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Socrates Form of the Good Correct - Essay Example One of these entities is goodness or good, which is considered to be one of the causes of many of the things that are experienced daily in the visible realm. Something is considered to have a certain level of goodness because it participates in the Form of Good. According to Plato, Forms are the only things that can be known about, that is, they are the only things that can be considered to be objects of knowledge (Welton 20). In other words the form of the good, according to Plato, is ultimately to be treated as the object of knowledge, even though it is not really knowledge itself. Socrates, through Plato, is convinced that just gains its usefulness through the Good. I believe that Socrates is right in philosophizing that from Good emanates everything else, including knowledge and justice. Form of the Good Plato does not specifically say what the form of good is, but he does say that the knowledge of the form of the good is the most important or the highest knowledge that philosoph er kings should aspire. He says â€Å"What gives truth to the things known and the power to know to the knower is the Form of the Good, and though it is the cause of knowledge and truth, it is also an object of knowledge† (Plato and Jowett 46). ... All the prisoners get to see are shadows which are visibly moving on the wall. These shadows are not of people, but of statues being moved from above them but the prisoners cannot see this. They think that the shadows they see moving on the walls in front of them are real people, they cannot conceive a better reality in their present state. Socrates likens these prisoners with people who live thinking that the reality is composed of the fantasies they hear about in stories (Welton 47). Once the prisoners are released it is then they realize that what they thought were real people were actually lifeless statues (Anna 85). However, they would still think that the statues are real, just like a person who is used to the sounds and sights of the world would think that there was nothing more real than their own experiences. If the prisoners wander out into the open world, they might at first be blinded by the sun’s light, but with time, they come to the realization that there are ot her things and objects in the world. They will then think that these objects are real, just like a person who finally gets the knowledge of the Forms that comprise everyday existence. In conclusion the prisoners will come to look at the sun and realize that it is the source of the light that is making it possible for them to see all the objects that they are seeing; it is the source of all life and all light. According to Socrates, the Form of the Good is therefore like the sun; it is the source of everything found in the intelligible world (91). Socrates asks his students and friends to visualize a line that is halved in two and four. According to Socrates, the upper part of the halved line

Gender Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Gender Roles - Essay Example Necessarily there exists an attempt -on the individual level as it is evident in Troy’s fatherly affection towards his children and in Bonno’s anxiety that he also might repeat his father’s role- to restore order and peace in conjugal life. Though Troy driven by sexual impulses makes contra-social relationship with Alberta, his fatherly affection and sense of responsibility for his wife proves him to be more of a sensible social being than of a member of the egoist patriarchy. Regarding Troy’s responsibility to his family, Storm (n.d.) says, â€Å"He was not in love with Rose, but felt a responsibility to her† (p. 3). But in the opposite manner, not only the roles of the male characters such as Othello, Iago, Cassio etc in the â€Å"Othello† and attitudes towards women and love, but also the passivity of the female characters depict a male dominated society in which a female figure is shaped according to what the male wants to and women’s voice is never paid heed to, as Desdemona’s true claim about her fidelity and loyalty has continuously been ignored by her husband. Referring to Othello’s ideal conception of Desdemona, Guffey (2005) says, â€Å"Othello had a perception of Desdemona that was altered by the machinations of Iago.   Desdemona contributed to that perception by fulfilling a role that she thought was ideal for Othello.   She wanted to be Othello’s perfect woman, so she portrayed herself as pure and virginal to her husband.† (p. 3). In comparison to Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, the male characters of the â€Å"Fences† are less assertive to be the representatives of modern patriarchy. On the surface level Troy appears to be a bully, but he needs her support. He is not completely haughty; rather he pays heed to her and provides financial help to Lyon. At least, Troy does not hold any patriarchal-idealistic view of women’s fidelity. When he finds his father molesting his girlfriend, he beats his father, not the girl. But it

A Self-Sustained Enclosed Ecosystem in a Jar Lab Report

A Self-Sustained Enclosed Ecosystem in a Jar - Lab Report Example An ecosystem can be describe as the dynamic biological environment that consist of living things in a specific region, abiotic , and environment physical components that interact with the organisms such as sunlight, air (oxygen and carbon dioxide), water, and soil (Hutchinson, 2005). Every ecosystem requires the three basic components that include producers, consumers, and decomposers. The three categories of ecosystem include freshwater, terrestrial, and oceanic ecosystems (Adams, 2001, pp. 33-44). Generally, the ecosystems are divided into main categories that are aquatic (freshwater and ocean) and terrestrial. However, the report focuses on the aquatic ecosystem. The system that the project created was an aquatic ecosystem (freshwater) that was supposed to meet the specific environmental factors to support the living organisms internally (self-sustaining and supporting). Aquatic ecosystems are defined as the ecosystems that are dependent on fresh water, which include rivers, estuaries, wetlands, and streams (Barbee, n.d.). According to Ecology Society of America, the aquatic systems shelter various organisms that are dependent on them. Aquatic systems factors are categorized into abiotic factors and biotic factors. Abiotic factors refer to the non-living components in an ecosystem that have a direct influence on the living organisms community. On the other hand, biotic factors refer to the diversified species that occupy an ecosystem where every specie action can affect the lives of other species in the region. In the aquatic system, the interactions of organisms are based on aquatic environment (Baron & Poff, 2010, p. 7). Consequently, the understanding of aquatic component such as the balance of oxygen in the water, pH, and light contributes to the creation of a successful self-sustained aquatic system. Shrimps in aquatic systems have a substantial effect on other living organisms in a similar ecosystem. The pH of about 6.5-8.0 and balanced oxygen is suitable for maintaining freshwater ecosystem (Bunn & Arthington, 2002, pp. 492--507). Remarkably, a main manner that living organisms affect each other is consumption. As a result, a food web develops among living organisms living in a same aquatic ecosystem (Sala, 2000). Aims and hypothesi s Aims The aim of the experiment was to create a self-sustaining freshwater ecosyste m. The experiment was focused in introducing the student on how to utilize the available resources in correct amounts to create a

Monetary Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Monetary Economics - Essay Example The area of concern in this research paper is to evaluate the transaction demand for money. The transaction demand for money is the money held for purchasing everyday goods from the market. Transaction demand for money for the individuals is initiated by their requirements of paying rent, mortgage payments, monthly bills, and car payments among others (Tata McGraw Hill Companies, 2002). Transaction motive of holding money is initiated also among businesses as the business houses require money in their accounts for meeting their payrolls and paying the bills. Before discussing the reasons as to why it is believed that transaction demand for money is interest elastic, it is essential to discuss the relationship that interest rates have on the demand for money. The demand for money or the quantity of money held decreases with the increase in the interest rates. The substitute or the alternative for holding assets other than the form of money is to hold them as a certain form of paper th at bears interest. Thus, as the interest rate is increased, the attraction towards the assets increases and urges to hold money decreases (Tata McGraw Hill Companies, 2002). After the brief discussion on how the transaction demand for money can possibly become interest elastic, it will be easier to understand the reason behind the belief. 2.0. Transaction Demand for Money According to Keynes, transaction demand for money relates to â€Å"the need of cash for the current transactions of personal and business exchange†. The transaction motive is further divided into income motive and business motive. The motive of income is aimed at bridging the interval between the income receipt and disbursements. In the same manner, business motive is the bridging of interval between the costs incurred in business and the receipts of the proceeds of the sales. In both the cases, if the interval is less, then individuals will strive to hold less cash or the transaction demand for money will b e less and vice-versa. Thus, it is evident that the transaction demand for money has a ‘direct positive relationship’ with the level of income (SVMMBA, 2010). 2.1. Transaction Demand and Interest Rate Keynes did not explain the importance of the interest rates in the analysis of his part of the theory of demand for money. However, in the later years, two of the post Keynesian economists, James Tobin and William J. Baumol have depicted the importance of interest rates as a determinant of the transactions demand for money. These economists have mentioned that there is no linear and proportional relationship between the income and transaction demand for money. According to them, income changes lead to smaller amount of proportional changes in the transaction demand for money (SVMMBA, 2010). Individuals hold transaction balances because income that is received only once in a month is not spent by them in a single day. In fact, this is the common nature of the individuals th at they spread evenly the expenditure over the period of the month. Thus, a part of the money that is meant for the purpose of transaction spending can be invested or spent on short-term securities that yield interests. It is likely to put the funds for the purpose of making them work for a few days, say a week, ten days or even a month. The investment can be on short term interest bearing securities such as short-term money market instruments or commercial papers and

I do not have a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I do not have a topic - Essay Example This created an issue among her contemporaries criticizing her use of the language in her writings (Women in History). Depicted and massively explored in her works was the culture of the African-Americans effectively portrayed with her much controversial use of the common African-American language. An example of the usage of the black language can be read in one of her books, â€Å"So when we looked at de picture and everybody got pointed out there wasn’t nobody left except a real dark little girl with long hair standing by Eleanor. Dat’s where Ah wuz s’posed to be, but Ah couldn’t recognize dat dark chile as me. So Ah ast, ‘where is me? Ah don’t see me. (Hurston 13)† These realistic depictions appropriately displayed the life and culture of the African-Americans during her time. The writing style she had developed celebrated the Black culture incorporating dances, songs, sayings and tales. Moreover, her writings bluntly focused on the slavery issue which was deliberately avoided by other Harlem Renaissance writers. Her part in the feminist literature was also noted when she invaded the male dominated literary scene during that period. Female characters are eminent in Zora’s works addressing feminist issues like the character Janie Crawford in her book â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† (Hurston, Zora Neale Introduction). Some writers who have been influenced by Hurston’s works were Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Gayle Jones, Alice Walker, and Toni Cade Bambara. These writers specifically take after Hurston’s writings dealing with racism and feminism issues. Contrary to the criticisms hurled at Hurston’s works during her era, Zora contributed not only to the black American literature but also to the feminist literature and racist literature. Furthermore, her written works served as valuable reference of oral cultures of the African Americans and revolutionizing a comprehensive

Foreign Direct Investment Disadvantages Essay Example for Free

Foreign Direct Investment Disadvantages Essay There is a lot to be said for big retail to come to India, but we cannot simply be taken in and mimic something which is being pushed down our throats because those who make the policy appear to not have the faintest clue on how retail really works in India If there were clear answers in black and white to the question, there would really be no need for any debate on the issue, but the truth is that it is simply not that simple. On a philosophical and emotional level, the answer could be that any form of foreign participation in a domestic market is rife with dangers of the colonialism sort, but in this day and age, while the core concept of being wary of foreign dominance may still be true, the fact remains that there are plenty of ways to ensure that it works on a win-win basis for all concerned. The main problem with the current status of foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail in India is that it does not provide a level playing field to other players of the domestic and small sort. In addition, it appears to take a rather naive and simplistic view on certain aspects, which like myths being repeated, tend to become urban legends. On the other hand, no country can afford to take on an isolationist approach. To start with, it may help to go through the background and policy note on the Cabinet decision on FDI in retail, as put up on various places on the internet. Facebook, PIB) As this writer sees it, with a holistic view of the subject and not just based on jingoism of the â€Å"burn down the malls† (right view) and â€Å"bad for farmers† (left view) sort, but on rational evaluation of larger issues, there are some points which need to be straightened out. Large retail is inevitable, and that is a simple truth, but there has to be larger perspective for public good which seems to be missing from this policy. The people of India come first, including those who want a better product or service buying or selling experience, and at the end of the day i t is their wallets which will decide where they go. But at the same time, the government, with the policy as outlined above, cannot sell the baby with the bath-water, and make things worse. Some suggestions: 1) The present Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act requires urgent revamp if we really want to help the rural and agricultural sectors with a better go to market scenario. This, along with rapid introduction of the goods and services tax (GST) as well as ease of inter- and intra-state movement of foodgrain, agri products and fresh produce, would do more to improve matters, as well as do wonders for our conomy in a variety of ways—most of all in terms of controlling prices as well as reducing storage and transit losses. 2) The policy shown above makes a case that â€Å"brands† by big FDI retailers need to be carried across borders without in any way making it clear that the quality of those brands needs to be same across borders, too. As of now we see that with these manufacturers and retailers there is on e lower quality for sale in India and there is a better quality for sale in developed countries—case in point being soft drinks, processed foods, confectionery, electronics, motor vehicles and others. If anything is by way of a different quality for India for price or other reasons, then let it be clearly marked as such. 3) Specifically in the case of packaged and processed foods, the policy does not say anything about adherence to best case scenarios in terms of labelling of ingredients and avoiding misleading marketing ploys, thereby leading to a situation where outright dangerous products are foisted on Indian consumers. The amount of product detail available for consumers in developed countries must be matched for India, too. India cannot become a vast chemistry lab for processed foods or anything else. 4) More empirical data needs to be provided on subjects like â€Å"improvement in supply chain†. India is the country where the passenger rail ticket deliveries, fresh hot cooked food by dabbawallas and diamonds as well as other precious stones by angadias have set better than global standards in supply chains, so the same standards need to be quantified and applied to those seeking 100% FDI in retail. It is not too much to ask for them to match the Indian standards—unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our prowess. ) The investments in retail by the FDI route, when they come, should come only through a short-list of recognised tax adherence countries. The misused option of FDI coming in through known or suspect tax havens needs to be blocked—firmly. Likewise, full disclosures of the strictest sort need to be made on who the investors are—again, these cannot be suitcas e corporate identities hiding behind consultants and banks in shady tax havens or other countries. Unlike what happened in, for example, airlines, Indians need to know who is investing and from where. And in case there are legal issues, then we need to know who the faces are who will go through the Indian legal system, unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our legal system. 6) The payment processing and cash management as well as tax adherence part of this industry, both in terms of procurement and sale, need to be through the Indian banking system. And by fully transparent methods, so that float as well as control remains in India at all times, as is the case in developed countries.

Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA

Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method used in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is used to separate DNA or RNA molecules by size. Since DNA and RNA have negatively charge, when they go through an agarose matrix with an electric field, they will move from cathode to anode. The shorter molecules move faster and migrate farther than longer molecules; therefore the different sizes molecules can be separate. The most important factor which affects the migration is the length of the DNA molecules. A restriction enzyme, is an enzyme that cuts double stranded DNA following its specific recognition of short nucleotide sequences, is used to cut the DNA into small fragments. The unique recognition sequences are usually tetra- or hexanucleotide palindromes with axes of dyad symmetry. Which means the sequence on one strand reads the same in the reverse direction on the complementary strand, e.g. GTATAC and its complementary strand CATATG. Recognition sequences in DNA differ for each restriction enzyme, producing differences in the length, sequence and strand orientation of the DNA fragments. Plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule, which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA. It is circular and double stranded. Plasmid is usually found in bacteria. The size of plasmid is between 1 to 200 kilobase pairs. In this experiment, a specific recombinant plasmid pBR325 was analyzed, and hence a restriction map would be constructed. METHOD As described in the practical manual RESULTS From the photograph, four unknown plasmid fragments migrated distance could be measured and hence the four fragments size could be found: In lane 2: migrated distance of the fragment was 36.5mm, therefore 11.00 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; In lane 3: migrated distance of the near fragment was 42.5mm, therefore 7.08 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; migrated distance of the further fragment was 66mm, therefore 3.98 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; In lane 4: migrated distance of the near fragment was 40.75mm, therefore 7.94 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; migrated distance of the further fragment was 73mm, therefore 2.82 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; In lane 5: migrated distance of the near fragment was 50mm, therefore 6.31 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; migrated distance of the further fragment was 53mm, therefore 5.62 kilobase would be the size of this fragment; The 4 unknown plasmid size and migrated distance were showed in following table: The size of the plasmid could be found, which was about 11 kilobase. Since the plasmid was only cut by EcoRI + BamHI in about 4:8 ratio of the plasmid, therefore the restriction map for EcoRI + BamHI could be construted: DISCUSSION The nucleic acids migrated from cathode to anode since it had negatively charge. The cutting ratio of three enzymes could be found by the size of fragment as result showed. The last lane, which was the uncut plasmid, was loaded, in order to compare with the EcoRI enzyme cut fragment. The migrated distance of this uncut plasmid was large than EcoRI cuts migrated distance, which could be measured from graph. EcoRI cuts fragment was like uncoiled elastic. It encounters more resistance migrating through a gel because it is spread out and will be in direct contact with more of the gel matrix. Uncut plasmid was tightly coiled, like a balled up elastic. While the molecule may be the same size, the coiling compresses it, allowing it to encounter less resistance when migrating through the gel. This indicated the minimum base pairs of the plasmid. If a hybrid recombinant plasmid was constructed from pBR325 by the insertion of a fragment of DNA at the BamHI restriction site, firstly the total size of the plasmid got bigger. To determine the size of the inserted fragment, EcoRI and PstI were used to cut the plasmid, and result was compared with original plasmids fragment to get the size of the inserted fragment. There was no additional band visible behind the main uncut plasmid band in lane 7. If there ware, they must be the chromosomal DNA bands, the absent of these in lane 2, 3, 4 and 5 was because they were too small, might not be seen, or ran off the gel. The fluorescent bands of the DNA restriction fragments in lane 2, 3, 4, and 5 were several fold brighter than the uncut plasmid band in lane 7. It was because that the DNA fragment are free at both ends and can uncoil and pick up as much EtBr as it fits, whereas the uncut plasmid could not uncoil more than a certain amount without the phosphate chain breaking: for every incorporated molecule of EtBr it had an area of local under-coiling that had to be compensated by another area of over-coiling, this area would not incorportate any EtBr. So the number of EtBr molecules it could pick up was limited because of sterical considerations. Therefore the DNA fragment had less sterical restrictions, stained more than the uncut plasmid.

internal communication system

internal communication system Does a successful internal communication system result in a motivated Workforce? 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Internal communications: It is a generic expression for all communication (formal and informal) that an organization undertakes with its close stockholders — i.e. those people with whom it has a relationship that requires support, principally direct/indirect employees and members. The main purpose of formal internal communications is to inform employees or members of the direction and performance of the organization (and team) to which they belong. The profession of internal communications builds on fundamental principles of other disciplines like human resources (HR), marketing, project management and media planning. As a result it often gets adopted in organizations under different labels: employee communications, employee engagement, internal marketing, company communications, staff communication, etc. Responsibility can also reside within different functions: marketing, corporate communications, transformation, HR, CEO office, etc. In common with other communication professions, there are different areas of specialism within internal communications: channel management, speech-writing, change communications, HR communications, project communications, event management, social media, intranets, etc 1.2 Motivation work force: A motivated workforce is one which individuals and teams generally strive hard and successfully to achieve the goals set t them. They perform at a high level and make significant effort to help you to achieve your business strategy. A committed work force is one in which individuals identify with the purpose, goals and values of the organization, wish to remain with it and are prepared to put themselves out on its behalf. Motivation is about staff focusing their effort on achieving specific targets. That is, what staffs do? It also is about getting your staff to behave in the right way. That is, how they do things. Key indicators include: †¢ Communication †¢ Management leadership †¢ Performance Management and Recognition †¢ Work Management You can motivate people with: †¢ varied and interesting work perhaps giving the opportunity to travel †¢ high-quality training and development e.g. encouragement to study for professional qualifications †¢ an open door culture in which managers are approachable †¢ respect for a good work-life balance e.g. offering the opportunity for flexible working †¢ fairness at work, including promoting equality and diversity †¢ proactive and regular communication †¢ regular appraisal and positive feedback restating business objectives and recognizing your staffs contribution †¢ requests for feedback, either in person or via staff surveys, on how employees feel about their roles, the support they get, and improvements to the business †¢ the chance to socialize with colleagues at organized events †¢ recognition and reward for ideas or competitive intelligence Commitment is concerned with the loyalty of staff t to the organization and feeling good about it can be increased through creating and maintaining a positive working experience. Key indicators include: †¢ Job Satisfaction †¢ Employee involvement †¢ Training and development †¢ Working environment †¢ Co-operation †¢ Working relationship To be effective employee opinion surveys should be conducted on a regular basis. This could be six-monthly or annually. They do involve extra effort on behalf of the staff in term of taking time to complete the survey. 2.0 Research As little as a few decades ago, managers believed that the behind the scenes dealings of their companies were of no concern to employees. Thus, information that may have motivated employees or inspired their job interest was not available to them as they were merely considered another cog in the organizational wheel. Since that time, management science has formed a basis for analyzing management style and its influence on communication and motivation. Most organizations, be they public or private understand the importance of strategic communication with customers and stakeholders. Hence we have marketing and communication specialists to produce communication plans for external use. In the private sector that means more income; in the public sector it means better public relations, and better use of government services through client information. Many organizations also understand the importance of developing strategic plans to guide longer term decision-making. The thinking is that without knowing where we want to be (and how we are going to get there), we cant coordinate organizational resources so that we get to where we want to go. Frequently, communication methodologies for communicating with customers and the public are included in strategic planning. However, few organizations address internal communication in the same way. Determining what should be communicated to staff, when it should be communicated, and how it should be communicated is often left up to the decisions of individuals made when there seems to be a need. In other words internal communication strategies are developed, reactively, when there is a crisis or major event that clearly requires addressing communication issues. Where communication is planned out, it is often around upheavals like major corporate or organization change, layoffs and downsizing, and technological change. However, once the initiating focus has been eliminated communication tends to go back to an unorganized incoherent process. 2.1 Principle of Internal Communication Some basic principles to keep in mind when creating your strategic internal communication plan are: ï‚ § Develop a long-term focus ï‚ § Identify clear values for your organization ï‚ § Define the specific goals for your internal communication strategy ï‚ § Use comprehensive, pervasive methods ï‚ § Be consistent in your messages 2.1.1 Openness: All information should be communicated in an open and honest fashion. While the positive aspects of any news or decision should always be clearly communicated. Message senders should not be afraid to admit that they have changed their mind or have been mistaken. As a result, senders should be prepared to receive contradictory or critical views and should be ready to engage in debate with staff. In the light of freedom of information Act, all information should be open to access by any members of staff. 2.1.2 Relevance: Information should be clearly relevant to the audience they are delivered to. Each message should answer the question that many staff has what in it for me? The needs of the audience should be put in all communications activity and information should be tailored to ensure that it is relevant to different audiences. If the recipient is expected to act on the information they have received this should be made clear to them. 2.1.3 Simplicity: Simple, Straightforward language should be used in all written and verbal communication. The use of jargon and management speak should be avoid. Messages should be carefully thought out and constructed so that the point of clear. Any actions you expect staff to take as a result should be clear. Messages should not be overly long or complicated and all communication should be consistently of a high quality. 2.1.4 Clarity: All communication should be clear in its aims. Message senders need to tell their audience in direct terms the status of the information they are communicating. Here just four examples. 2.1.4.1 A policy decision: A decision taken by one of the universitys three committees which applied to the whole university and must be considered by all staff. 2.1.4.2 A Mandatory Decision: either taken by the university, or imposed by an outside authority. 2.1.4.3 Consultation: Information which is in the discussion stage and is open to consultation by staff. If this is the case, the message sender needs to be clear as to where feedback can be sent. 2.1.4.4 Work in progress: Where is it necessary to keep staff updated about a major projector policy which is still in development. 2.1.5 Planned and timely: Information should be prioritized and planned so as to avoid information overload, duplication of messages or long periods of non-communication. Communication with staff should not be an afterthought or an add-on but should be at the heart of all planning within university. This will ensure that information is given to staff when they need it- not when decision makers happen to think about it, or in the worst case scenario, when staff learns of major decision via the regional or national media. To this end, all major committees or decision making groups should develop an explicit communications strategy which outlines how information will be fed to staff via existing channels of communication. 2.1.6 Two- way communication: A one way conversation is very boring wherever possible, communication should be two way. All communication should be ensure that there are as many opportunities for listening and asking questions as there are sending messages out. These opportunities should be opened for all staff. Where these opportunities are offered the message owner should ensure that good quality and rapid answers can be given to the questions and issued rose. In this way communication will be positively encouraged and staff will feel that they can influence the development of relevant strategies, policies and procedures at a university and local level. 3.0 The advantages of Internal Communication We know that some of the most successful companies and corporations create a workforce that understands the mission, goals, values and procedures of the organization. The intent of creating such cultures is not to dominate or control employees, but to aim them at a set of common goals on which they can act every day. This brings coherence to the workplace, and allows better coordinated action. By clearing up ambiguity in whats, hows, and whys, the common culture permits employees to act with empowerment. When we have staff that understands the basic values and purposes of an organization, we give them the opportunity to make decisions that fall within those parameters. That means, for example, that more decisions can be made at the line level, reducing micro-managing. When your organization is communicating effectively with its internal stakeholders, whether they are employees, management or volunteers, it develops a cohesive culture where everyone is focused on the same goals and ha s the same objectives. By working within a cohesive culture, your stakeholders can work more efficiently together and collaborate more effective. Clearly, if we are to create such a common culture, we need to harness all of our organizations communication resources to achieve the purpose. Before we talk about that, lets look at some other advantages to having a coherent, shared organizational culture. †¢ Permits employees to make more decisions online since they have the tools and knowledge needed to make the right decisions. †¢ Encourages a sense of identification, on the part of staff, with the goals, mission and procedures of the organization, which can result in a sense of making a difference. This can have direct impact on effort and efficiency. †¢ Has the potential for reducing day-to-day conflict. Much conflict is generated by conflicting ideas on what is important to the organization often an indicator that the people involved do not share a common vision or understanding. †¢ Helps staff feel a part of the organization. When we look at organizations that use their common culture as a strategic advantage, what we find is that they create that culture through the use of very strategic, coordinated communication strategies. They use multiple methods, consistently. Their training supports their cultural goals, as does their written communication (e.g. newsletters, billboards, slogans, etc). Their management communicates consistently with common messages in a number of forums (e.g. performance management, department or sub-organization meetings, award and recognition programs, etc). And perhaps most importantly, management behavior is consistent with the messages echoed via other communication methodologies. 4.0 Internal communication strategy There are two sides of strategy in internal communications. In the first instance there is organizations strategy — what it hopes to achieve and how it plans to go about achieving it. That strategy will be supported and, to some extent, delivered through effective internal communications. In this context internal communication can help on several different levels: †¢ Tell: simply informing people of the direction, non-negotiable †¢ Sell: anticipating some form of backlash, requiring some persuasion †¢ Consult: seeking specific areas of input to the decision-making process †¢ Involve: seeking varying degrees of involvement and co-creation Secondly, and more importantly, internal communications needs a strategy of its own. It should be positioned more than a simple plan of tactical interventions in support of business activities. The strategy should consider the following: †¢ Market: What does the organization know about its audiences needs? How should its audiences be segmented? †¢ Message: What is it the organizations message is trying to achieve? In what tone should it be conveyed? †¢ Media: Which channels work best for the different audience segments? How will it maximize reach and cut-through? Are there clear editorial guidelines for each? †¢ Measurement: Are there clearly defined success criteria? What are the leading and lagging measures? As well as informing all of the other three Ms, it should be used to demonstrate value and measures of performance (rate of return, message penetration, hit rates, quality of feedback, etc) The strategy will inform the best way to organize effective communications 5.0 Conclusion The development of a strategic internal communication strategy and its implementation can provide a number of benefits to organizations. To achieve those benefits we need a coordinated, comprehensive, long term communication approach. Effective communications require the active commitment and endorsement of senior managers. It is not enough simply to develop a vision statement or formulate in general terms the values by which the company lives. Behavior is what counts. Managers must be seen to behave in a manner that is consistent with the ethos they are promoting. Communication applied to development initiatives is still too often limited to activities aimed at informing the stockholders or the general public following the typical and dated top-down approach. Government counterparts and project managers are often not used or ready to democratize the decision making process, but are more interested in accelerating it. However, the budget, time and effort devoted to communication will almost certainly be worthwhile. Tele business relying on a mix of adequate telecommunications infrastructure, a quality workforce with reasonable wage levels and corresponding linguistic skills, such requisites are today available in other countries, particularly in the developing world. The workforce skills have to be permanently upgraded so as to satisfy the requirements of new applications. The internal communication techniques can inform and encourage policymakers to base their decisions on a clear understanding of beneficiaries perspectives from the beginning of a development initiative. Such communication not only needs to be carefully planned and implemented but must also be properly integrated with emergency management activities and operations therefore effective internal communication is therefore a key responsibility of public health professionals and information officers, especially during emergency. 6.0 References Effective media communication during public health emergencies (Google book) By Randall N. Hyer, Vincent T. Covello pg 4 published 2007 Information and communication technologies and rural development (Google book) By Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development pg 76 published July 2001 The role of communication in large infrastructure: the Bumbuna Hydroelectric (Google book) By Leonardo Mazzei, Gianmarco Scuppa, World Bank pg 39 published June 2006 Strategic Communication for Privatization, Public-Private Partnerships and Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects (Google book) By Daniele Calabrese World Bank published March 2008 pg 39 http://www.uneed2.com/assets/Summary_Guide_to_Employee_Opinion_Surveys.pdf dtd. 7/10/09 http://www.campus.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/internal-comms/ic-principles.pdf dtd. 10/10/09. http://performance-appraisals.org/Bacalsappraisalarticles/articles/comstrat.htm dtd 7/10/09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_communications#Internal_communication_strategy dtd 7/10/09 http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Communication-Organisation/165925 dated 14/10/09.

Shakespeare’s Language Essay -- Essays Papers

Shakespeare’s Language The impeccable style and craft of Shakespeare’s writing has always been looked upon with great respect, and it continues to serve as an inspiration to writers and thinkers today even as it did when it was being first performed in London. Shakespeare’s modern audience, however, is far less diverse than the one for which he originally wrote. Due to the antiquity of his language, Shakespeare’s modern readership consists mostly of students and intellectuals, whereas in Shakespeare’s own time, his plays were performed in playhouses packed with everyone from royalty to peasants. Because of this, Shakespeare was forced to write on many different levels, the most sophisticated of which appealed to his more elite audience members, while the more straightforward and often more crude of which appealed to his less educated viewers, and the most universal of which still appeals to us. In act 3, scene 4 of King Lear, Shakespeare demonstrates the multi-layered quality of his writing in the conversations that takes place between King Lear, The Fool, Edgar and Kent. Shakespeare uses the language of Edgar, which is witty, crude, and a little bit shocking, in order to appeal to his lower class audience. However, at the same time, Shakespeare uses the entire scene to draw an extended metaphor between the inner turmoil of King Lear’s life, and the outer turmoil of the storm, a more subtle literary element that would have appealed to a person with a better education. In line 69-74, Shakespeare seamlessly integrates the two levels of entertainment: â€Å"Edgar: Pillicock sat on Pillicock hill. Halloo, halloo, loo, loo! Fool: This night will turn us all to fools and madmen. Edgar: Take heed o’ the foul fiend; obey thy p... ...ct between Regan and Goneril on the one side and Cordelia on the other is a situation of trust and betrayal that appeals to the most basic of human feelings. These portrayals of fundamental human conflicts; trust and betrayal, good and evil, logical and insane, as they are shown in King Lear appeal as much to human minds of all levels of education today as the did in Elizabethan England. Shakespeare’s original audiences appreciated his work on all of its different levels, something that is almost impossible today for all but the most dedicated Shakespearean scholars. However, there is something that resonates equally with today’s audiences as with the audiences of Elizabethan times, and that is the effortlessly accurate portrayal of humanity that Shakespeare achieves through some of the most beautifully crafted literature in the history of the English language.

Dramatic impact in Act 3 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay -- William

Discuss the dramatic impact of Act 3 Scene 5 in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Act 3 Scene 5 is a significant scene in the play as within this one scene there are changes in the atmosphere, the relationship between the characters, and the characters themselves. At the beginning of this scene Shakespeare needs to make the audience believe that Romeo and Juliet truly are in love, as Romeo not long ago said he was in love with Rosaline and likewise Juliet stated at the Capulet ball she would be OK with marrying Paris. At the start of the play, Romeo and Juliet had just spent the night together as a married couple. Just as Romeo has left, Lady Capulet (Juliet’s mother) comes to Juliet and tells her that she’s going to be marrying Paris. Before Juliet met Romeo at the Capulet Ball, Juliet said that she wouldn’t mind having to marry Paris, so her parents a bit taken aback by Juliet when she says refuses to marry him. Lord Capulet in particular gets extremely angry, as children were forbidden to disagree with their parents. I personally think that he was angry at Juliet for disagreeing with him and also a bit surprised by her sudden change of heart. â€Å"Hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch! I’ll tell thee what, get thee to church a Thursday or never look at me in the face!† This quote from Lord Capulet is showing him telling his daughter that she has to marry Paris in the church on Thursday otherwise he’ll wash his hands of her. The language that is used in this part of the play in particular is really effective because with only reading the text of the play the reader can visualise easily what’s going on in the room and can create a clear image of the drama, anger and tension in the room without seeing it in a film or on stag... ...the friar, to know his remedy. If all else fail, myself have to power to die’. When she says this she’s talking about going to see the friar (who married her and Romeo the day before) to find something that can either kill her or to help stop her from marrying Paris, as she probably knows that without it she’ll have to marry him to keep her family happy even though it would be against her will and not to mention illegal. Basically, she’s a young girl in love. She isn’t a bad, rebellious horrible teenager - she’s just been carried away with her love for Romeo. I think that when she argues with her mum and dad, she struggles to try and tell them why she doesn’t marry Paris without telling the truth about Romeo. I feel that she’s a typical teenager who feels the world is against her doing what she really wants to do, and in her case, the world actually is against her.

Rejection and Isolation in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essa

As James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, the central theme of isolation and rejection becomes evident. From birth to adolescence, the protagonist of the story, Stephen Dedalus, responds to his experiences throughout life with actions of rejection and isolation. He rebels against his environment and isolates himself in schoolwork, family, religion and his art, successively. James Joyce uses Stephen Dedalus' responses of isolation and rejection to illustrate the journey that the artist must take to achieve adulthood. Even as a young boy, Stephen experienced rejection and isolation at school. On the playground Stephen "felt his body [too] small and weak amid the [other] players" (Joyce 8). His schoolmates even poked fun at his name. In response to his rejection by the other boys Stephen makes a conscious decision to "[keep] on the fringe of his line, out of sight of his prefect" and the other boys. Stephen is later depicted as choosing the "warm study hall" rather than the playground with his friends outside (Joyce 10). His rejection at school leads him to isolate himself in his schoolwork, thus putting himself on a scholarly path that will give him the intellectual skills necessary for the artist within him to achieve adulthood. In his later years at school, Stephen's isolates himself through his "relationship to authority [and conformity] and his rebellion against it" (Ryf 27). In the classroom Stephen is "pandied" (beaten with a cane) and accused of being a "lazy little schemer" by a Jesuit priest for not completing his homework due to his broken glasses (Joyce 50). In rebellion, Stephen reports the injustice to the rector only to later discover that the rector took th... ...g above the waves and slowly climbing the air? a prophecy of the end he had been born to serve and had been following through the mists of childhood and boyhood, a symbol of the artist forging anew in his workshop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring imperishable being" (Joyce 169). Stephen breaks with his past to achieve adulthood and an unrestricted artistic vision that allows him to connect to the world that he had rejected. Works Cited: Joyce, James, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Viking Press: New York, 1916. Ryf, Robert S., A New Approach to Joyce. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1962. Works Consulted: Connely, Thomas E., Joyce's Portrait Criticisms and Critiques. Meredith Publishing Company: New York, 1962. Litz, A.. Walton, James Joyce. Twayne Publishers: New York, 1966.

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes

Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Lisa Moore University of Phoenix Ethics in Justice and Security CJA 530 March 23, 2010 Roger Long J. D. Deception in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes The term deception means the deliberate act of misleading an individual some may refer to deception as â€Å"little white lies. † Deception has long been used in the criminal justice area by officers in the detecting process of criminal cases, and is one of the most commonly used tools in the investigative process. Investigators use deception in the detecting process. This involves misleading criminals during the investigative and interrogative stages, to gather enough information about the crime that only the suspect would know to arrest the suspect, and then present the case to the court. There are three stages of deception, the investigation, then interrogation, and finally the testimonial. â€Å"Hard and fast rules limiting police conduct may challenge common sense, while the absence of such rules may invite arbitrary and abusive conduct. This paper discusses one of the most troubling and difficult questions pertaining to the ideal of legality: To what extent, if at all, is it proper for law enforcement officials to employ trickery and deceit as part of their law enforcement practices† (White, 1979)? â€Å"Whatever the answer to that question if, indeed, an answer be formulated it has to be measured against a hard reality of the criminal justice system. That reality is: Deception is considered by police–and courts as well–to be as natural to detecting as pouncing is to a cat† (Skolnick, 1975). Deception is generally allowed during the investigative stage of detection, as it is to the courts but is less tolerated during interrogation and rarely suitable or accepted during court proceedings. â€Å"Here, police are permitted by the courts to engage in trickery and deception and are trained to do so by the police organization. The line between acceptable and unacceptable deception is the line between so-called entrapment and acceptable police conduct† (Chevigny, 1969). â€Å"Within an adversary system of criminal justice, governed by due process rules for obtaining evidence, officers will deceive suspect to get the truth. The contradiction may be surprising, but it may be inevitable in an adversary system of justice where police perceive procedural due process norms and legal requirements as inconsistent obstacles to truth for the commission of crime† (Skolnick, 1982). Deceptive interrogation strategies present intriguing ethical questions. While brutal or otherwise physically coercive means are no longer commonly used by police officers to obtain confessions, officers regularly use deception as an interrogation strategy. During interrogations officers will use psychological persuasion and manipulation. Officers are authorized to trick and lie to get a so called voluntary confession. The use of deception in interrogation is a simple â€Å"routine in almost every law enforcement agency and it remains routine because it is effective: When the suspect is talking with police, deception frequently breaks the suspect down and elicits confession† (Obenberger, 1998). â€Å"Although these tactics have been criticized by the United States Supreme Court (Miranda v. Arizona) nevertheless the Supreme Court has never squarely banned the practice, and it sometimes justifies deceptive practices under the name strategic deception. Miranda forbids coercion in questioning a suspect it does not bar† (Obenberger, 1998) mere strategic deception by taking advantage of a suspect's misplaced trust in one he supposes to be a fellow inmate. To better understand how deception works here is an example: â€Å"A burglary is being investigated at a local store. During an interview of the suspect, he is told that there is a video recording of him inside of the store taking a car stereo and shoving it into his pants. The suspect tells the investigator that not only did he make it out of the store with the stereo he also tells him that he entered the store with the intent to take it in the first place; making the crime felony. What the investigator did not tell the suspect was that the video only showed him concealing the stereo and nothing else† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"Testimonials during court hearings are performed under oath, hence the statements of an individual being examined are assumed to be true and no other statement should be falsified or forged. When the officer does not pronounce the truth in court, he or she is still capable of providing a reason for his deception, based on a substitute arrangement, such as when he or she is operating as a witness to the prosecution and is not considered as the defendant in a court case. However, it is also required that the officer is conscious of the rules of the court system that he or she has sworn to tell the truth during examination† (Chevigny , 1969). â€Å"It is difficult to prove a causal relationship between permissible investigative and interrogatory deception and testimonial deception. Police freely admit to deceiving suspects and defendants. They do not admit to perjury, much less to the rationalization of perjury. There is evidence, however of the acceptability of perjury as a means to the end of conviction. The evidence is limited and fragmentary and is certainly not dispositive† (Skolnick, 1982). â€Å"Deception is nothing more than planting a seed and letting the suspect fill in the blanks. The most important part of using this technique is that in using it, you do not elicit a confession from an innocent person. One of the greatest examples of deception is Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291(1980). In January of 1975, a taxi driver was shot and killed by a shotgun blast at the base of his head. One week later, another taxi driver reported that a man wielding a shotgun had robbed him. Police prepared a photo lineup of the possible suspect and the second taxi driver identified him. A patrol officer located the suspect later in the morning. Minutes later, a Sergeant arrived at the scene of the arrest and read the suspect his rights per Miranda. The suspect invoked his rights by saying I want to speak with a lawyer† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"The sergeant detailed three officers to transport the suspect to the central station. After leaving the scene, the officers started talking amongst themselves about being worried that the missing shotgun was in the vicinity of a school for handicapped children and that they should continue to search for the weapon. It was also said by one of the officers, â€Å"It would be too bad if a little girl would pick up the gun and maybe kill herself. The suspect told the officers that they should turn the car around and he would show them where the gun was. When they arrived back at the scene, the sergeant again advised the suspect of his rights per Miranda. The suspect showed the officers where the shotgun was† (Mike, 2008). â€Å"There was a hearing in order to suppress the shotgun. The suspect’s attorney said that because the officers were talking in the presence of the suspect, and that he was in custody, the officer’s conversation amounted to an interrogation. The court found that it was not an interrogation and the shotgun was allowed. The suspect was subsequently convicted of murder and the case was appealed. The Supreme Court found that the suspect was not interrogated within the meaning of Miranda. It was undisputed that the first prong of the definition of interrogation was not satisfied, for the conversation between the patrolmen included no express questioning of the suspect. Rather, the conversation was, at least in form, nothing more than a dialogue between the officers to which no response from the suspect was invited. This matter could have been argued either way. Some would say that the conversation between the officers was intended to reach into the conscience of the suspect in order to get him to tell where the weapon was† (Obenberger, 2008). â€Å"Deception is incredibly effective on the criminal because this form of interview can actually reach into the conscience of a suspect because they still have a sense of what is right and wrong. This method also allows the investigator to uncover the motivation behind the crime. The courts, while not necessarily supporting deception, do not inhibit it either. It is a very valuable tool† (Mike, 2008). â€Å"The negative side of deception is that when pitted against a suspect who isn’t responding, the investigator might be inclined to go further and further with the method until such a point when getting the confession or evidence becomes more important than how it is obtained. Again, that’s where the line between legality and illegality exists. The most important aspect of using deception in an interview or interrogation is to be honest on the witness stand. There is nothing wrong with deception during an interview of a suspect but when it comes to testifying in court, tell the truth† (Mike, 2008). References Chevigny, Paul (1969) â€Å"Police Power† New York: Pantheon p. 139 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Mike (2008)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Simply A Night Owl†Ã‚  Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://stillanightowl. wordpress. com Obenberger, J. D. (1998) â€Å"Police Deception† The Law and the Skin Trade in the Windy City Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://www. madmuse. com Obenberger, J. D. (2008) Deception in the Investigation of Crime- Deception Retrieved March 21, 201 Skolnick, Jerome (1975) â€Å"Justice without Trial† 2nd ed. New York: Wiley & Sons, p. 177 Retrieved March 21, 2010 Skolnick, J. (1982,  Summer/Fall) â€Å"Deception by Police† Criminal Justice Ethics, Vol. 1 (No. 2) Retrieved March 21, 2010 from http://www. lib. jjay. cuny. edu White, Welsh S. (1979) â€Å"Police Trickery in Inducing Confessions,† U. Pa. L. Rev. 127 (1979): 581-629; Retrieved March 21, 2010

Differentiate between grievance and discipline Essay

Organization’s effectiveness is based on its culture and management practice structure that lead towards maintaining the harmony of organizational performance and regulating the behavior and attitude of its employees. Managers are required to maintain the workplace environment through identifying the potential weak areas that lead towards in-disciplinary behaviors of employees. Discipline at workplace helps control and normalize the behavior of employees through various procedures. Company may use strict disciplinary actions to make employees conform their actions to the expectations of management or may go for group norm pressure to standardize employees’ behavior. Manager’s role is critical in such situation as it places great responsibility on him for leading the employees for subsequent higher performance. Manager may exercise strict rules to align the behavior of employees that are accompanied by penalties/punishment sanctions on employees. Corporate culture understanding needs to clearly convey towards employees for productive group behavior. However, it has been observed that sometimes strict discipline also leads towards lower performance affecting the organizational effectiveness. Inequality among employees concerning rewards and treatment b management result in great dissatisfaction; discipline actions when over exhibited on some people, it lead towards discriminatory behavior. Grievance is therefore a mechanism to present the viewpoint to senior management concerning the inequality and inappropriateness of disciplinary actions of organization. Discipline is thus a set of actions to regulate and standardize the employee attitude & behavior, whereas grievance is a procedure to report the injustice and inequality being faced by employees to higher decision making authority. Organizational justice framework is based on these two components that enable managers to figure out the sources that lead towards grievance in employees. Discipline helps organizations maintain the harmony and effectiveness of workplace environment; rules, policies and standard procedures enables regulate the employee behavior and maintain organization culture. Inequality in organizational culture and inability of management to provide diverse workplace environment either due to stereotypical response towards a particular group or restricting the decisions only to a particular group referring to nepotism. Incompetence of organizational framework to manage the situations and employees behavior results in discrimination and group based structure in employees for the protection of their rights. Union based culture is more common in government managed organization where employees have joined separate unions for the protection of their workplace rights. Discipline requires adjustments in rules and workplace policies addressing the dimensional aspects of negligence, employee safety, incompetency, rights protection, workplace norms, and organizational culture expectations. Rules relating to employee behavior, punishment and penalties, warnings, and other organizational aspects present a clear expectation to employees related to workplace environment and operational management style. Induction of rules is necessary to be conveyed to new comers in organization so that procedural mechanism becomes clear related to employee actions, group norms, and managerial actions pertaining to employee behavior. Managers must provide employees clear insight about the work setting and organizational culture through their actions and responses towards managing the equality at workplace. Stereotypical responses by employees, and group formation based on race/ethnic rights protection in workplace that are depicted as discrimination in employee treatment, rewards and pay scale offering, and career growth opportunities restrictions to a particular group result in job dissatisfaction and reduction in organizational commitment. In such case, if an employee wants to present his viewpoints concerning inequality at workplace manager must assess the situation sensitivity and factors that lead towards grievance filing. Senior management must form a clear objective grievance channel in order to address such issues raised in organization. Management must place emphasis on fairness of decision by providing equal representation rights to employees. Procedural steps for grievance hearing and decisions must be limited to certain extent of hierarchy for increasing the response time to resolve grievance issues. Senior management can form a committee addressing grievance issues of employee having representation of lower level manager and at least one member representation from senior management holding decision making power. This leads towards maintaining organization justice and shows effectiveness of organizations structure for formalizing the framework. This way, discipline and grievance in combine are very essential component of strategic organization’s framework for justice. Manager need to maintain the discipline of employee and must equalize the grievance procedure to maintain the organizational effectiveness by providing equal opportunity to all employees to report any factors that lead towards job dissatisfaction. Complaint filing procedure formalization simplifies the ambiguity concerning the management perspective and ability of employees to report any injustice. Manipulation of rules and disciplinary actions restrict the opportunities for equality at workplace. Biased behavior results in violating the principles of flexibility and freedom of voice representation by employees. Formalizing the rules and written policy procedure strengthen the discipline at workplace that supports the organizational justice framework. Grievance procedural steps must be defined in policy structure to reduce ambiguity and providing employees opportunity to exercise their rights in situation when the confront discrimination at workplace; manager must provide support in assessing the factors viability and prospective role to minimize the arousal of such grievance factor again.

How to achieve peace in Pakistan Essay

Pakistan was founded. Pakistan was built to fulfill the needs of the Muslim community by providing them equality, Justice and freedom. However, soon enough it failed to fulfill the promises it had made to its society thus instability, restlessness and wretchedness reigned throughout the nation. Achievement of peace in Pakistan is actually the desire of every follow Pakistani or at least a huge majority of them. To devise a proper strategy we need to analyze and understand the causes f unrest and chaos in Pakistan. Factors causing disturbance in Pakistan can be categorized in internal and external factors. Internals factors consist of social, economic, political and administrative whereas external factors are related to regional instability and international so-called war on terror involving Kashmir, Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. For achievement of peace and stability we need to address the huge gap between haves and have not’s. Firstly socially, there seems to be a huge gap between the different classes within the country. A large majority when sees a small minority enjoying a very luxurious life style they naturally rebel and resort to unlawful activities to become rich overnight. We can say this is a poor vs. rich tension, which disturbs the peace of society in various ways such as crime and law breaking. Secondly, politically, in Karachi different political parties have armed wings. Karachi being the biggest city has greater influence. Respective political leaders protect crimes of members of these gangs. While political leaders re enjoyingi government position at the same time they are patronizing criminals, murderers, target killers, extortionists and land grabbers. Thirdly, economically, Karachi being port city and major economic hub affects Pakistan. One day of strike and unrest in Karachi costs billion of rupees to national exchequer. Lastly, on the administrative side, law enforcement agencies are plagued by corruption. They are packed with cronies of influential people along with lack of proper training and sufficient resources. In some cases sources of trouble and unrest outnumber civil law nforcement agencies. Furthermore criminals are able to get relief from tax and justice procedures. They can even intimidate eyewitnesses and thus obstruct dispensation of Justices. This further erodes confidence of public on the prevailing system and thus increases unrest and instability. Therefore, to achieve peace we need to address all these issues immediately. The first step should be to break the vicious cycle of illiteracy, poverty and disease by providing educational and health facilities and equal Job opportunities on merit. We have to uplift standard of general public through a fair system based on social Justice by educating general public through print and electronic media about the responsibilities and rights of a citizen. Law enforcement agencies need to be revamped by selecting officers and cadres on merit, proper training and equipping them with latest equipment and technology and where necessary paramilitary forces can be used to assist them. A fair and speedy Justice system, which ensures that troublemakers are taken to task without ny delay, should be formed. Similarly, on the international front we have to get out of Afghan war. We should not allow proxy wars to be fought in our territory. In KPK and Baluchistan political reconciliation is required since administrative measures alone have failed to give desired results. To sum up, peace in Pakistan cannot be achieved in bullet but a set of social, economic, political and administrative system could help our country to gradually move towards the right path and a path towards stability.

Four external forces that affect an Organization Essay

Terms of reference: This report was commissioned by the lecture of Management and Organisation Behaviour as individual assessment on four external forces that can currently affect Organisation for these modules within the Bachelor of Business Degree in Management. Introduction: In this assignment I will present a brief literature review of the main four external forces that can currently affect an organization (a business). First I will introduce global economical powers that influence the four external forces after that I will then introduce the four forces in more detail. Global perspective As the world is emerging from the waters of deep economical crisis I think the best to start with are global influences that affect the main four forces. Each organization is directly strongly influenced by general laws of economics: Economic growth – is influenced by various factors such as development on stock markets, which is strongly influenced by political activities around the world, prices of raw materials (metals, oil etc.) but also prices of energy and future of the economical development in general. Inflation – increases cost of operations and price of products and reduces employment. Interest rates – as many businesses operate with money borrowed from banks changing interest rates influence directly interest expense, which influences the cost of operations and the cost of product PEST Macro analysis Each local business is based in a certain environment that directly influences its performance. The environment a company exists in has a strong impact on every aspect of the company`s life. The following main four macro-economical external influences are interdependent. Political atmosphere – each country has a specific political atmosphere, political culture. For instance countries of the EU would have very different atmosphere to North Korea. Local political decisions shape the countries economical perspective and enable or disable, speed up or slow down the development of local businesses. Political decisions directly influence law of the country (region) and some of them such as economic reforms make strong and long-lasting impact on local businesses. Even political decisions such as annual budget or introduction of income levy  have profound impact on business performance. However this would be more applicable in Adam Smyth`s times. Currently we can still apply this influence of local politics on small or local businesses but the late seventies and eighties of the 20th century, started especially in the Euro-American civilization process of progressive economic liberalization that resulted in supra-national corporations that we know today. Many of these corporations are wealthier then countries they operate in and often dictate what the local political milieu will be. This route would eventually lead us to the question of monopolization and to the question of economic and political interests and their balance. Ultimately it is both international and local law that that create balance between these two areas.1 Great example of politics and law (even if enforced by the international public rather than by local corrupted politicians) impacting on businesses is from India, where supra-national companies producing clothing completely ignored health and safety regulations in order to produce more and cheaper. Unfortunately this lack of political ethic and responsibility resulted in tragedies and loss of many lives. Social environment – main characteristics of social environment are social norms and cultural and even religious preferences. Max Weber sees the protestant idea of hard work as a result of original sin as the inspiration for development of hard-work and profit focused capitalism. 2 This idea of hard-work and profit focused capitalism combined in Europe and in the North of America with culturally well established system of banks borrowing finance for interest resulted in today`s macro economical models. Euro-American banking system is historically based in certain interpretation of oral Torah called Mishna that allows borrowing money for interest in return. It was in historical Europe traditionally â€Å"allowed† only to the Jewish nation as a form of discrimination and punishment. So the development of economy is we know it today would be very unlikely in many parts of the world simply for cultural and religious reasons as in some countries would be money coming from interest prohibited.3 Demographic profile of social environment is crucial for any business existing within that particular society. Gender, age, ethnicity, language, education, public opinion and norms influence every aspect of business. Gender norms define approach of  society towards male / female work.4 In many societies is female work traditionally under-rated therefore from the perspective of operations management it is cheaper for companies to employ women in certain positions. Education of population leads us into the next factor that affects business†¦ Technological development – is a result of the impact of education in the local social environment; technological changes always initiated further development. The invention of wheel accelerated speed of movement of our ancestors, the invention of metals improved their farming instruments as well as weapons but here we are not talking about the long time gone past. Today we live in exciting times of technological changes, which are changing the face of businesses on daily basis. Internet and electronic communication speeded up every aspect of business from operations, logistics to client services. Even the smallest local newsagent or grocery shop must keep up with the development of recent technologies. 20 years ago it would be absolutely unthinkable to top up phone credit while paying for grocery in a local shop. In fact there was no topping up credit at all today. Today we would find it rather odd if our local newsagent (if we still buy newspapers) would not have a top up terminal. Purchasing a flight used to be in general one to one experience; we used to go to travel-agents or flight-companies directly and purchased flights. Today we find normal to use the internet at home even to check in before our flight. A flight company that would not offer internet service to purchase a flight would not survive today. But all this technological progress would not be possible without investments, without wealth. Economical environment – wealth as a source of investment was based in times of Adam Smyth and his An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in productive powers of Labour, in accumulation and employment of stock, in progress of opulence in different nations (which is the distribution of wealth between cities and countryside) and in a system of political economy. 5 Today is material wealth accumulated not so much in nations but more so in supra-national companies. Still effective investment is the fuel of business development. Economical environment and wealth  depends as we already mentioned on macro-economic factors of global economic growth, inflation and interest rates that directly influence local currency inflation and interest rates increase or decrease. Global economy fluctuates from booms to slumps. Most businesses gain in booms and loose in slumps. Bibliography: Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 158-159 Weber, M. (1920). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Berlin: Klaus Lichtblau and Johannes Weiss Waterman A.M.C. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory; Boston 1999: Unwin Hyman, London & Boston, 1930 Dean, M., Waterman, A. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 283-284. Smith A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, London: Adman Black and William Tait

Sum up four readings about Social Protest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sum up four readings about Social Protest - Essay Example According to studies conducted by Adler and Mittleman (2004, p. 110), globalization protests are mainly about understanding s of the shifts in the world’s political economy. The protesters’ expressions are not necessarily same as the views of the ideological leaders. From these protests, the streets bear more fluid and latent attitudes in the baseline. Globalization protests present difficulties in generalizing when centring on a particularly specific event. In most organizations, interviewees have differentiated attitudes towards globalization protests. Participants in protests may be activists, officers, or ordinary members. Most participants in protests, influenced by the information gathered from the internet. The degree of participants ‘involvement in a protest is of more significance in the globalization protests. Moreover, pushing participants to make choices between the can obscure the important interconnections concerning protests. According to studies conducted by Adler and Mittleman (2004, p. 110), one of the attitudes of protesters is that the protesters are diverse according to their involvement in the global justice demonstration previously. Lack of ability of a protest movement in excluding violent participants, continues to minimize its effectiveness centrally to the states’ growing willingness to employ the respective tactics indiscriminately. In relevance to   Brooks (2004, p. 570), stated that, some of the goals of anti-globalization protesters are delaying talks concluding meetings without an agreement of building new rounds of the trade negotiations. The anti-globalization movement does not exclude the potentially violent factions and this may impede its ability in democratizing institutions of globalization via the tactic of the protest alone. Brooks (2004, p. 577) further noted that, the movement also employs democratic master frame and operates is more decentralized